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Resumen Introducción: La higiene de manos quirúrgica, procedimiento esencial en cirugía; es una técnica que ha evolucionado y se ha ido actualizando tras el surgimiento de evidencia científica. El manual de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) publicado hace diez años es uno de los documentos que plasman cambios de esta técnica, como dejar de usar el cepillo. Sin embargo, es necesario analizar la evidencia actual con la finalidad de reconocer las nuevas tendencias de acuerdo con los resultados de las investigaciones publicadas. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión actualizada de la literatura sobre la higiene de manos quirúrgica. Desarrollo: El lavado de manos quirúrgico con cepillo es un procedimiento que se realiza en la mayoría de las instituciones hospitalarias de México; pocas han incursionado en la técnica en la que se omite el uso de cepillo. Existen diversos estudios que sustentan que el uso de cepillos debe ser erradicado debido al daño tisular que estos ocasionan. La abrasión dérmica provocada por el uso de cepillos origina que el personal se cepille las superficies de las manos y brazos por menos tiempo que el recomendado y esto a su vez impide un efecto idóneo por parte de los antisépticos. Las sustancias más recomendadas son la clorhexidina y las soluciones a base de alcohol. Conclusiones: La higiene de manos quirúrgica sin cepillo debe ser considerada debido a que disminuye costos hospitalarios, garantiza la efectividad de la descontaminación de manos, ocasiona menos lesiones dérmicas y contribuye a la reducción de las infecciones relacionadas al sitio quirúrgico.
Abstract Introduction: Hand hygiene for surgery is an essential clinical procedure whose technique has been evolving as the result of new scientific evidence. The related WHO manuals reflect the changes in this procedure; for example, the now non-binding need of using a brush. Nevertheless, it is necessary to continue analyzing the current evidence in order to recognize the new guidelines which are being established as the result of new published research. Objective: To carry out an updated literature review on hand hygiene for surgery. Development: Hand washing for surgery using a brush has long been a regular practice in Mexican hospitals, however, there are diverse studies which support the omission of brushes due to the tissue damage which these utensils can cause - including dermal abrasions which can make the staff tend to brush their hands and arms for less time in comparison to the recommended standards, resulting in incomplete antiseptic effects. Conclusions: Having in mind that some of the most recommended antiseptic substances are chlorhexidine and alcohol-based gels, hand hygiene for surgery without using a brush should be considered because it can reduce costs, guarantee hands decontamination, generate less dermal lesions, and contribute to the reduction of related surgical site infections.
Resumo Introdução: A higiene de mãos cirúrgica é um procedimento essencial em cirurgia; é uma técnica que evoluiu e se tem ido atualizando trás o surgimento de evidência científica. O manual da OMS publicado faz dez anos é um dos documentos que traduzem as mudanças desta técnica, como é deixar de usar a escova. No entanto, é necessário analisar a evidência atual com a finalidade de reconhecer as novas tendências conforme os resultados das pesquisas publicadas. Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão atualizada da literatura sobre a higiene de mãos cirúrgica. Desenvolvimento: O lavado de mãos cirúrgico com escova é um procedimento que se realiza na maioria das instituições hospitalares do México; poucas incursionaram na técnica na qual se omite o uso de escova. Existem diversos estudos que sustentam que o uso de escovas deve ser erradicado devido ao dano tissular que estes ocasionam. A abrasão dérmica provocada pelo uso de escovas origina que o pessoal se escove as superfícies das mãos e braços por menos tempo que o recomendado e isto por sua vez impede um efeito idóneo por parte dos antissépticos. As sustâncias mais recomendadas são a clorexidina e as soluções a base de álcool. Conclusões: A higiene de mãos cirúrgica sem escova deve ser considerada devido a que diminui custos hospitalares, garante a efetividade da descontaminação de mãos, ocasiona menos lesões dérmicas e contribui à redução das infecções relacionadas ao sítio cirúrgico.
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AlM: To observe the influence on the incidence of diffuse lamellar keratitis ( DLK ) after laser in situ keratomileusis ( LASlK ) whether or not wearing sterile gloves with talc during operation, and to confirm the role of residual talc in the occurrence of DLK. METHODS: Totally 563 patients ( 1 126 eyes ) accepted operation with the method of surgical hand antisepsis only were set as the experimental group, while 592 patients ( 1 184 eyes ) with the method of surgical hand antisepsis and sterile gloves as the control group. Each patient was rechecked to observe the occurrence of DLK on the first day and the seventh day after the operation. Then the data of DLK were statistically analyzed byχ2 test and rank sum test. RESULTS:On the first postoperative day, the incidence of DLK was 7. 4% (83 eyes) in experimental group and 12. 2% (144 eyes) in control group. ln the former group, stage Ⅰ of DLK accounted for 4. 6% (52 eyes) and stageⅡ for 2. 8% (31 eyes);while in the latter, stage l did for 7. 7% (91 eyes) and stageⅡfor 4. 5% (53 eyes). On the seventh day, all DLK were cured. The other 2 cases ( 3 eyes) occurred in stage Ⅳ DLK ( the first time recheck was on the eighth day after operation and fluorometholone ophthalmic solution was not used on time ) . The incidence and the severity were both significant lower in the experimental group than in the control (both P CONCLUSlON: Talc is one of the most important factors resulting in DLK after LASlK. The method of surgical hand antisepsis without wearing gloves could avoid the stimulation of talc and reduce the incidence of DLK obviously.
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OBJECTIVE To compare three surgical hand preparations for their effects on hand skin conditions.METHODS Three surgical hand antisepsis methods were selected to compare their immediate antimicrobial(efficacies) and effect on skin conditions,including 1% chlorhexidine gluconate(CHG)and 61% ethanol(pre-surgical) waterless,scrubless hand preparation,iodophor surgical scrub with sponge,and iodophor surgical scrub with brush.RESULTS All of the three methods could achieve satisfying immediate reduction in the normal(bacterial)(flora) of the hands.The alcohol-based surgical hand rub method was gentler to skin than the other two.(CONCLUSIONS) The alcohol-based surgical hand rub is recommended for surgical hand antisepsis.